Women's bodies differ significantly from men's, possessing several organs not found in men, such as the ovaries, vulva, and uterus. Diseases affecting these organs are generally termed gynecological diseases. Even without discomfort or symptoms, women should undergo regular checkups by gynaecologists as the best disease prevention measures. Furthermore, some gynaecological diseases present with warning signs or symptoms. If a woman notices any abnormalities, she should consult a gynaecologist as soon as possible for a comprehensive examination, diagnosis , and treatment. If a woman experiences any of the following warning signs or symptoms, those may be features of gynaecological diseases and it is best to get checked promptly. Those symptoms and signs include:

1. Increased vaginal discharge with an odor, appearing like cheese or cottage cheese.

2. Frequent itching or even burning sensations in the genital area, or abnormal bleeding, etc.

3. Burning or irritating sensation when urinating.

4. Cloudy or bloody urine

5. Frequent urination, or even have difficulty in urination

6. Any breast lumps, especially if there are changes in its shape or size.

7. Frequent nipple discharge without reason, or ever retracted nipple

8. Menstrual symptoms: severe pain during menstruation, increase or decrease menstrual flow

9. Irregular menstrual cycles, sometimes occurring more than a week early or late, and in severe cases, menstruation may not come for several months at a time.

10. If menstrual periods last less than 2 days or more than 7 days, or if menstrual cramps are so severe that they affect daily life.

11. Severe swelling under the armpit, or enlarged lymph nodes.

12. Pain during or after sexual intercourse

13. Pelvic pain

14. Abdominal bloating, abdominal mass

In addition to the issues mentioned above, if a woman experiences any other abnormal symptoms, she should see a doctor for examination as soon as possible. Otherwise, delaying medical treatment may worsen her condition and increase her anxiety, thus affecting her physical and mental health.

Obstetricians and gynaecologists typically perform examinations as followed. First, the doctor will start examining the vulva, which include labia majora and minora, as well as the mucous membranes near the vaginal opening. Doctor will examine for cysts, abscesses, warts, wounds, lumps, or other lesions. Following that, internal vaginal examination will be performed with the use of speculum. During this process, the doctor will insert a lubricated speculum into the vagina and cervix, observing for bleeding, discharge, inflammation, or other abnormalities. If the doctor deems further examination necessary, vaginal secretions will be collected and sent to the laboratory for detailed analysis. Cervical smear will be performed in the same occasion.
Doctor will then perform digital vaginal examination and pelvic examination. Before the examination, the doctor will put on gloves, and apply lubricant. Then, one or two fingers will be inserted into the vagina, while the other hand will be placed on the lower abdomen to determine the shape and size of organs such as the uterus and ovaries, and to check for pain or cysts.

Yes, our vaccination services include those for common gynaecological conditions as well as those for infectious diseases, such as the rubella vaccine. Women planning pregnancy need to be tested beforehand to determine their adequacy for the rubella antibody. Women without adequate antibody should be vaccinated before pregnancy and should avoid pregnancy for one month after vaccination. Another vaccination recommended by gynaecologist is HPV vaccination. HPV vaccine effectively prevents cervical cancer and reduces the risk of reproductive organ cancers and diseases caused by HPV infection. Other vaccines, such as the shingles vaccine and the flu vaccine, are both recommended by gynaecologist. Our clinic also offers these vaccination services; please inquire for more information.

The HPV vaccine is highly effective for those who have never been infected with the HPV virus, making early vaccination highly recommended. Many women believe they are too old (i.e. older than 25 years old) to receive the HPV vaccine and therefore feel it's unnecessary. However, even sexually active women who have never been infected with HPV can still achieve over 90% protection with the vaccine. Even if a woman has been infected with HPV before, while vaccination cannot eliminate the existing virus, it can still prevent infection with other HPV types. Even for women with high-grade HPV lesions, the HPV vaccine can reduce the chance of recurrence. Therefore, women of any age can consider HPV vaccination.
In addition to getting the HPV vaccine at gynaecological clinics, women should also have regular check-ups to greatly reduce their chances of developing cervical cancer. This is especially true for women aged 25 to 64 who have had sexual experience. They should have a cervical cell examination at a gynaecologist every 1 to 3 years. If abnormal cervical cell are found, they can be treated as early as possible to prevent the condition from worsening.

Cervical cell lesions don't necessarily appear years after sexual activity. There are case reports that cervical cancer occurred in young woman. Therefore, once a woman is sexually active, she must undergo regular cervical smear testing from 25 years old, or earlier if having any high risk factors. If the first smear is normal, a second smear should be performed 12 months later. If two consecutive tests are normal, she should then have a check-up with a gynaecologist at least every three years thereafter. Many pre-cancer or even early-stage cancers may not present with obvious symptoms, so regular check-ups can detect problems early and provide better protection for one's health.

Candida albicans is a normal microorganism present in the vagina. If a woman is healthy, Candida albicans will be suppressed. However, if her health is not ideal (such as having a chronic illness, pregnancy, taking antibiotics or high-dose birth control pills), or if there are problems with the vaginal environment, Candida albicans can proliferate excessively, leading to vaginitis. In fact, candidal vaginitis is relatively easy to recur. Therefore, in addition to receiving treatment from a gynaecologist, it is also important to improve general health and adjust lifestyle habits, such as wearing cotton underwear and washing frequently. When washing, disinfect with hot water first, then hand wash the underwear thoroughly and dry it in strong sunlight. If it is a cloudy day, you can iron it first . Keeping underwear clean will help prevent the continued proliferation of Candida albicans. If the situation persists, you should consult a gynecologist for a detailed examination and treatment.
While Candida albicans does not directly affect female fertility, frequent infections without proper treatment can lead to severe discomfort and complications. Therefore, women planning to have children should seek treatment at a gynaecological clinic if they have Candida albicans problems to avoid affecting their ability to conceive.

Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas, are a common gynaecological condition. Most women with uterine fibroids initially experience no obvious symptoms. Common symptoms are excessive menstrual bleeding, bloating sensation, and abdominal mass. A smaller percentage of patients may experience menstrual cramps. However, the vast majority of uterine fibroids are benign and do not increase the risk of cancer. But if the fibroids become too large, they may cause frequent abdominal pain, and the size and location of the fibroids can potentially affect fertility. Therefore, women should have regular checkups at a gynaecological clinic. If uterine fibroids cause serious problems, they should be removed as soon as possible. Gynaecologists will provide medication for excessive menstrual bleeding or surgical treatment depending on the patient's condition. Surgical treatment often involves hysteroscopic myomectomy, laparoscopic or open myomectomy to completely remove large fibroids. Non-surgical treatments include uterine artery embolization and high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU).

Generally, women should have a prenatal checkup with an obstetrician around 6 to 7 weeks of pregnancy. During the initial checkup, the doctor will ask about the pregnant woman's medical and obstetric history and perform an ultrasound to estimate her due date. If everything is normal, the pregnant woman will then have checkups every month. During these checkups, the obstetrician will monitor the fetal heartbeat, development, and overall health. From around 28 weeks of pregnancy, the frequency of checkups will increase until delivery.

Prenatal checkups in obstetrics and gynaecology generally include prenatal risk assessment, routine examinations, and providing pregnant women with prenatal and postnatal nutritional advice, as well as weight management and vaccinations.

Every woman's constitution is different, but gynaecological examinations are necessary upon reaching adulthood. Today's women face considerable pressure from work and family life, making them more prone to health problems such as hormonal disturbance thyroid disease. If left untreated, these conditions can even affect fertility. Women with a family history of thyroid disease especially need to undergo regular checkups.

The age at which women should begin screening varies depending on their specific physiological issues. For example, women should begin a routine check-up annually from age 25 to assess the health of their reproductive system. Regular Pap smears at least once every three years are necessary for sexually active women aged 25 to 65. As for breast surveillance, women around age 40 should have mammogram every one to two years. Our Causeway Bay and Sheung Wan gynaecology clinic offers a wide range of screening and treatment services. Please contact us for more information.

To ensure accurate results during a gynaecological examination, considerable preparation is necessary. Firstly, if a Pap smear or internal examination is scheduled, the test should not be performed during menstruation, but rather 7 to 10 days after menstruation ends. Secondly, women should avoid sexual intercourse, vaginal medications, and excessive douching for 48 hours prior to the examination, as these can affect the results of the Pap smear and sexually transmitted illnesses (STI) screening. Thirdly, if hormonal profile or thyroid function test is being conducted, strenuous exercise should be avoided beforehand, but fasting is not required. It is best to inform your gynaecologist of any family medical history, such as history of breast cancer or thyroid disease in elders, for their reference. In addition, you should inform your doctor if you have any symptoms such as chronic fatigue or abnormal bleeding. If you are taking certain medications (especially hormone-related medications) for a long time, you should also let your doctor know so that they have sufficient information to make a diagnosis and ensure that the test results are accurate and comprehensive. In addition, if you have had physical examinations in the past, you can bring the relevant test reports to your doctor for reference, which will help the doctor assess your health status.

Additionally, on the day of the formal examination, it is advisable to choose loose-fitting clothing, which will be more convenient during the examination.

Post-gynaecological examination care and physical condition vary depending on the type of examination. The most important thing is proper management to allow the body to recover normally, and of course, timely follow-up of the examination results is also necessary. For example, women who undergo Pap smears or internal exams may experience slight bleeding or discomfort afterward, but these symptoms usually disappear within 1 to 2 days. However, if any other abnormal symptoms are found, they should consult a gynaecologist as soon as possible. If a woman undergoes examinations such as breast or pelvic ultrasound, she can resume normal activities without special follow-up care. For thyroid and blood tests, further arrangements will be made after waiting for the relevant reports. If a thyroid abnormality is diagnosed, another ultrasound examination may be necessary. For tests related to sexually transmitted diseases or hormones, after undergoing such blood tests, strenuous exercise should be avoided, and attention should be paid to the cleanliness of the puncture site to prevent infection.

In addition to the points mentioned above, women should get plenty of rest after any gynaecological examination, ensure vulvar hygiene, and pay attention to any abnormal bleeding or discharge. If you experience any discomfort or have any concerns, consult a doctor as soon as possible.

​In Hong Kong, both male and female obstetricians and gynaecologists are highly professional and employ the most appropriate treatments to address various gynaecological issues. We understand that some female patients may feel awkward about being treated by a male doctor. Our clinical team consists of two female obstetricians and gynaecologists.  Dr. Lui Man Wa, Ellen holds an accredited certificate in Reproductive Medicine from the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG). She is both a Fellow of the Hong Kong Academy of Medicine (Obstetrics and Gynaecology) and a Fellow of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (FRCOG). While Dr. Mok Yin Kwan, Sophia holds an accredited certificate in Maternal-Fetal Medicine from the RCOG. She is also both a fellow of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (FRCOG) and a Fellow of the Hong Kong Academy of Medicine (Obstetrics and Gynaecology). Both doctors have extensive experience and can treat a wide range of gynaecological conditions.

That's right. You can get off at Causeway Bay Station, exit from Exit E, and walk for about 5 to 10 minutes to reach Hang Lung Centre. Our Causeway Bay Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic is located in Room 2507.

No. Our Causeway Bay clinic is closed on Sundays and public holidays. Our office hours are 9:00 am to 6:00 pm Monday through Friday (lunch break 2:00 pm to 3:00 pm), and 9:30 am to 1:30 pm Saturday. Please make an appointment if needed (Tel: 2895 3221, WhatsApp: 9497 3279. Alternatively, you can submit your contact information and appointment time in the "Contact Us" section of our clinic's website.

The costs vary depending on the type of gynaecological treatment and testing. For detailed information, please contact our gynaecological clinic and describe your specific needs for testing and treatment. We will then provide a brief overview of the treatment plan and estimated costs. Whether it's general gynaecological issues, menopausal health problems, reproductive health and pregnancy assessments, or prenatal and postnatal care, our team of gynaecologists can provide you with appropriate treatment and advice.